Quantification of yield loss due to coffee leaf scorch

Coffee leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa is widespread in major coffee-growing regions of Brazil. This study was done to quantify the yield loss caused by this disease. The severity data of the disease were collected during the 2006, 2007 and 2008 seasons at commercial plantations growing Coffea arabica ‘Catuaí’ in São Gotardo-MG in 250 plants of three blocks of 7000 coffee plants each. Fifty selected plants per block with different disease severities were determined. The linear regression showed a significant relationship (P < 0.01) between disease severity and bean yield and between disease severity and grain size in all years. The relationship between yield and the disease severity was significant (P < 0.01). For each 1% increase in the disease severity, there was a decrease of 1.22, 1.34 and 2.02 bags of bean yield/ha in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, thus showing the importance of the disease in reducing coffee bean yields.     

Variation among Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from infected coffee berries at different locations in Vietnam

Isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with anthracnose disease on coffee berries in Vietnam were characterized by morphological and molecular methods. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite-primered PCR (MP-PCR) analyses were employed to investigate the genetic variation among 38 and 51 isolates of C. gloeosporioides , respectively. According to both methods, the isolates mainly grouped in accordance with geographical origins. Higher genetic variation ( H  = 0·312 and 0·335) in the northern population of C. gloeosporioides than in the southern population ( H  = 0·261 and 0·186), according to the RAPD and MP-PCR markers, respectively, was indicative of a difference between the northern and southern populations. Moderate gene differentiation ( G st = 0·1) between populations from the north and the south was found. However, there was no differentiation between locations within the northern or southern populations, indicating significant gene flow. A four-gamete test indicated a high level of recombination, particularly in the south. The geographic differences may be explained by different histories of coffee cultivation in different parts of Vietnam. The symptoms caused by the Vietnamese isolates on both hypocotyls and green berries were less severe than symptoms caused by the reference CBD (coffee berry disease; Colletotrichum kahawae ) isolates originating from Africa.     

咖啡小粒种六倍体和中小粒杂种四倍体胚乳的组织培养

进行了利用咖啡胚乳离体培养技术培育六倍体咖啡胚乳植株及四倍体中小粒种咖啡种间杂种的研究。结果表明:将小粒种咖啡自花授粉所得六倍性胚乳及以中粒种咖啡为母本、小粒种咖啡为父本进行杂交所获得的四倍性种间杂种胚乳,分别在附加有6-BA1~2mg/L和NAA2mg/L的改良MS培养基上培养,能诱导出有效的愈伤组织;在附加有6-BA或KT0.5mg/L,NAA0.1mg/L的改良MS培养基上,愈伤组织能分化出各种类型的胚状体;在附加有NAA或IBA0.5mg/L及2g/L活性炭的1/2MS培养基上,胚状体可被诱导生根而再生完整的六倍体咖啡胚乳植株和四倍体种间杂种咖啡胚乳植株。      

外引小粒种咖啡Catimor(F_3、F_4)系列品种试种研究初报

报道1991年从肯尼亚引入的Catimor（F3、F4）系列品种9个在本所的试种情况。通过对生物学习性,适应性和抗逆性观察,均表现较好,是很好的选育种材料。其中36号和42号抗锈力强。产量高、应进一步扩大试种鉴定,确定可否推广生产使用。     

Genetic parameters of several biochemical compounds from green coffee, Coffea canephora

A factorial crossing scheme of Cofflea canephora (two parents from the Congolese group crossed to 14 parents of the Guinean group) was used to evaluate genetic parameters of several biochemical compounds, bean weight and crop outturn (ration of dry bean weight 10 fresh berry weight). For most characters studied, additive genetic effects were preponderant. Narrow-sense heritability was high for caffeine content (h²_ns= 0.80), fat matter content (h²_ns, = 0.74), bean weight (h²_ns= 0.73) and crop outturn (h²_ns= 1). It was intermediate for trigonelline (h²_ns= 0.38) and chlorogenic acid (h²_ns= 0.36) content. Only sucrose content had a low narrow-sense heritability (h²_ns=0.11). There were few genetic and enviromnental correlations, Consequences for breeding, in relation to coffee drinking quality, are discussed.     

Coffee bacterial diseases: a plethora of scientific opportunities

Coffee is a very important crop for several tropical countries across different continents. The diseases bacterial halo blight (BHB), bacterial leaf spot (BLS), bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and coffee leaf scorch (CLS), caused by the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae (Psgc), P. syringae pv. tabaci (Psta), Pseudomonas cichorii (Pch) and Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp), respectively, cause significant reductions in coffee production, although other minor bacterial diseases have also been reported in some countries. Little research progress has been made on aspects that are relevant for control and management of these diseases. In all cases, there is an urgent need to develop rapid and more reliable methods for early detection of the pathogens in order to minimize their negative impact on coffee production. Because of the high rate of intra- and intersubspecific recombination occurring in X. fastidiosa, a permanent revision of the detection methods is necessary. Greater efforts should be made to understand the genetic and virulence diversity of Psgc, Psta and Pch populations. Early studies reported the identification of potential sources of resistance against Psgc and Psta, but, to date, no resistance gene has been isolated. Little effort has been made to understand the biology and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between Coffea spp. and these pathogenic bacteria. This review discusses the recent progress on the molecular mechanisms used by these bacteria to cause diseases on other plant species, in order to provide a guideline for the establishment of future research programmes.     

云南省小粒咖啡种植生态适宜性区划

小粒咖啡产业是云南省发展高原特色农业和精准扶贫的重点内容,开展生态适宜性研究有助于优化布局和扩大规模。基于ArcGIS建立了云南省气候、土壤理化、地形地貌因子精细化空间分布模型,利用层次分析法确定3个层次、11个生态适宜性指标权重,在重点区域进行小粒咖啡种植区生态适宜性分析及区划研究。结果表明:1)气候因子是小粒咖啡种植生态适宜性的关键性因子,地形地貌因子影响其次,土壤理化性质因子的影响最小;最冷月平均气温、2—3月降水量和海拔3项因子对小粒咖啡生态适宜性影响较大,各地在开展种植规划时要重点关注。2)小粒咖啡最适宜、适宜种植区主要分布在云南西南部和东南部,分别占国土面积的18.8%和15.0%,次适宜区占国土面积的21.0%。3)普洱市小粒咖啡适宜性最好,在中部和南部可开展大规模种植;临沧、德宏和保山等地应结合横断山脉的影响,在适宜性高的区域加强规划;西双版纳、文山、红河适宜性条件好,需加强规划和提高投入,充分发挥生态资源优势潜力;大理、怒江以及河谷热区也可以开展小粒咖啡种植,但需注意防范低温和干旱等灾害的影响。4)经采样点调查验证,生态适宜性分析及区划结果准确。云南省仍有较大范围的小粒咖啡种植适宜区,加强适宜种植区的规划布局有助于提高产量和品质,进而提升云南省小粒咖啡产业的国际竞争力。研究方法可以推广至其他高原特色农业品种,为优化选址规划和科学生态布局提供科学依据。     

德宏的咖啡选育种

介绍云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所小粒咖啡选育种研究的历程、成就、存在的问题及展望。     

云南部分咖啡植区土壤养分分析研究

对云南保山、思茅地区部分咖啡园土样的养分分析结果,大多数土样有效P明显缺乏,有效Fe明显偏高,部分土样交换性Ca、Mg偏低,反映出咖啡园土壤肥力减退的趋势。根据土样分析检测结果,推荐了相应的施肥方案。